Adoption and Race Free Essays

Truly, transracial selection started to be drilled after the Second World War. Kids from war-torn nations †Korea, Vietnam, and even Europe †without families were embraced by families in the United States with Caucasian dad As the years progressed, as increasingly racial ethnic minority kids inside the United States were without families, household selection organizations started to put African American, Native American, and Hispanic kids with Caucasian families who needed youngsters. Be that as it may, in 1972 the National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) got worried about the enormous quantities of African American youngsters who were being put with Caucasian families. We will compose a custom paper test on Appropriation and Race or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now They censured the act of transracial selection of African American youngsters to Caucasian guardians. They refered to mental maladjustment, second rate racial character, the inability to adapt to prejudice and segregation, and â€Å"cultural genocide† as the reasonable results of transracial assenting situations. As a branch of this, enactment was presented as the Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) of 1994. MEPA, along with the Interethnic Adoption Provisions (IEP), has been marked into law to diminish the act of race-coordinating in receptive arrangements for youngsters. These two bits of enactment, generally alluded to as MEPA-IEP, were intended to diminish the measure of time youngsters hang tight for supportive position, to improve and aid the enrollment and maintenance of imminent cultivate and new parents who can meet the particular needs of the kids to be put, and to dispense with separation in the act of receptive and child care arrangements based on race, shading, or national starting point. Be that as it may, the entry of MEPA-IEP has not settled the contention over racial coordinating strategies and transracial receptions. Debates despite everything dog transracial selection. In spite of the fact that the law denies straight out suspicions about the advantage of same-race arrangements, kid government assistance laborers despite everything should settle on choices about the significance of race in the life of an individual youngster. They are likewise entrusted to recognize reasons that may in the end require for the thought of race. The individuals who accept that equivalent race situations are ideal may feel abused that government arrangement presently repudiates their conviction and routinely calls for them to put kids without offering weight to the child’s race. Then again, the individuals who place little an incentive on racial coordinating may experience difficulty recognizing youngsters whohave a particular requirement for an equivalent race arrangement. It is inside this light this examination will take shape.â As issues keep on being raised with respect to transracial selection, it is just fitting to go past measurements and discover the sentiments of the individuals who are by and by engaged with the procedure. As this investigation will endeavor to disentangle the issues nearest to the hearts of those included, the methodology that will be utilized will be commonly subjective. Proclamation of the Problem What is the level of interracial appropriation, and what are the discussions encompassing racial coordinating and transracial reception? Targets 1) To characterize racial coordinating and transracial reception; 2) To discover the level of transracial selection in America; 3) To discover the different issues identified with racial coordinating and transracial selection; 4) To discover the different enactments intended to address racial coordinating and transracial appropriation. System This investigation will utilize meet †which involves purposive testing †as a technique for social event information. The meetings will be directed with the guide of a meeting guide which is a casually arranged unstructured poll. Information will likewise be gathered through various auxiliary sources. Materials and reports, for example, talks in books, official distributions, position papers, letters, papers and magazine clippings will likewise be used. The official sites of different associations will likewise be utilized as important. Ramifications of the investigation will be gotten from the examination of the assembled information and issues brought up in the meetings and the different auxiliary sources. Audit of Related Literature Rehearsing social specialists, pioneers of minority bunch networks, and researchers have communicated worries on the impacts of transracial reception (Hayes, 1993). In an investigation led by Kim (1995) on worldwide appropriation, he noticed that â€Å"transracial reception of dark youngsters worked up numerous contentions in regards to their mental turn of events, particularly as for their ethnic character, or social well-being† (p.141-142). So as to decide the impacts of transracial appropriation on adoptees, a few examinations were likewise led on the racial personality of transracial adoptees (Bagley, 1993). These investigations conceptualized racial character as far as racial gathering inclinations, objective racial self-recognizable proof, and information or attention to one’s racial gathering enrollment. Andujo (1988) likewise examined racial character by estimating levels of cultural assimilation, and by surveying the level of pride in one’s ethnic legacy and appearance. Johnson et al. (1987) found that transracially received Black youngsters had more noteworthy consciousness of their race at a previous age than did intraracially embraced Black kids. As they become more seasoned, be that as it may, the two gatherings of received youngsters communicated comparable to levels of mindfulness and inclination. The discoveries of the investigation likewise demonstrated that transracially received children’s mindfulness and inclination remained steady after some time, while that of intraracially embraced Black children’s both expanded all the more quickly to surpass that of transracially embraced youngsters. At long last, the investigation reasoned that transracially received youngsters were growing uniquely in contrast to intraracially embraced kids. This formative distinction could be the springboard of the issues in the transracial adoptees’ racial personality. Shireman and Johnson (1986) in like manner provided details regarding the mental change, racial personality, and sexual character of transracial adoptees when contrasted with intraracial adoptees and adoptees of single guardians. The entirety of the adoptees in the examination were Black youngsters and the entirety of the guardians were likewise Black aside from the guardians in the transracial situations every one of whom were White. Guardians and adoptees were met independently. The discoveries of the examination proposed that there were no distinctions in mental alteration among the three gatherings of adoptees as controlled by target appraisals of the meetings. At long last, the contentions harassing transracial reception, regardless of how constrained they are, still to a great extent influence the individuals who are associated with the procedure. Just when these issues are tended to and settled can the issues be settled. Reference index Andujo, E. (1988). Ethnic character of transethnically received Hispanic teenagers. Social Work, 33, 531-535. Bagley, C. (1993a). Chinese adoptees in Britain: A twenty-year follow-up of alteration and social character. Universal Social Work, 36, 143-157. Hayes, P. (1993). Transracial reception: Politics and philosophy. Kid Welfare, 72, 301-310. Johnson, P. R., Shireman, J. F., Watson, K. W. (1987). Transracial reception and the improvement of dark personality at age eight. Kid Welfare, 66, 45-55. Kim, W. J. (1995). Global reception: A case survey of Korean kids. Youngster Psychiatry and Human Development, 25, 141-154. National Adoption Information Clearinghouse (2000, August). Reception: Numbers and patterns. Accessible: http://www.calib.com/naic/bars/s_number.htm Task 21. (1995, March). African-American administration bunch censures supremacist selection rehearses. (On-line). Accessible: http://www.nationalcenter.inter.net/TransRacialAdopt.html Shireman, J. F., Johnson, P. R. (1986). A longitudinal investigation of Black selections: Single parent, transracial, and conventional. Social Work, 31, 172-176. http://www.transracialadoption.net/inform.htm#Psychological%20adjustment,%20self-esteem,%20and%20racial%20identity Step by step instructions to refer to Adoption and Race, Papers

HS630 Week 8 Conference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HS630 Week 8 Conference - Essay Example Similarly, the Catastrophic Incident Annex additionally plainly showed the Federal Response techniques, related to obligations of organizing and coordinating organizations that could be reached by the general population to encourage reaction, as required. Another picked add, the Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex (NRIA), is in like manner saw as helpful since it contained brief, yet inside and out data on jobs and obligations of government organizations with different participating offices; and the procedural rules on â€Å"notification, coordination, and administration of Federal activities† (National Response Framework, 2008, p. 1). In that capacity, the review public’s mindfulness would be upgraded on strategies, arranging and readiness issues, and even the materials and offices engaged with relating organizing organizations for explicitly recognized occurrences. The NRIA is a huge educational record that features basic territories and the reaction strategies, along with the approved overseeing offices to contact â€Å"for occurrences including arrival of radioactive materials to address the results of the event† (National Response Framework, 2008, p. 1). Thusly, the general population would be guided through the fitting approaches and measures that must be organized in situations where occurrences, for example, this occur. 2. CPG 101 gives Content Guides to practical adds in Appendix C, pp. C-12 through C-27. From the agenda for ESF #3 Public Works and Engineering Critical Infrastructure and Key Resource Restoration, pick 1 thing and review it as though you were a metropolitan crisis organizer. One of the things noted from the ESF #3 Public Works and Engineering Incident Actions incorporate â€Å"Providing coordination and specialized help (to incorporate vessel expulsion, huge marine flotsam and jetsam evacuation, and hydrographic review) to impact the fast recuperation and reconstitution of basic conduits, channels, and

The Negative Impact of Sugar on the Brain

The Negative Impact of Sugar on the Brain Brain Health Brain Food Print Negative Impact of Sugar on the Brain By Joel Fuhrman, MD facebook twitter Joel Fuhrman, MD, is a board-certified physician focused on nutrition and natural healing. Hes a New York Times best-selling author and TEDx speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Joel Fuhrman, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 13, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Andrijana Kostova / Stocksy United More in Brain Health Brain Food Mental Exercises Healthy Aging In This Article Table of Contents Expand Reward Response Sugar Addiction Memory Mood Mental Capacity View All Back To Top The brain uses more energy than any other organ in the human body and glucose is its primary source of fuel. But what happens when the brain is exposed to an excessive amount of sugars in the standard American diet? In this case, more is definitely not better. In the brain, excess sugar impairs both our cognitive skills and our self-control. For many people, having a little sugar stimulates a craving for more. Sugar has drug-like effects in the reward center of the brain. Scientists have proposed that sweet foodsâ€"along with salty and fatty foodsâ€"can produce addiction-like effects in the human brain, driving the loss of self-control, overeating, and subsequent weight gain. In early humans, this stimulus helped lead them to calorie-rich foods, which aided survival when food was scarce. But now this primitive drive contributes to our epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The behavioral and neurobiochemical characteristics of substance abuse and overeating are quite similar, and the idea of food addiction is gaining ground among scientists. Reward Response In humans, high-glycemic foods have been found to activate regions of the brain associated with the reward response and provoke more intense feelings of hunger compared to low-glycemic foods. Foods that cause a higher elevation in blood glucose produce a greater addictive drive in the brain. Research published in the  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition used the glycemic index (GI)â€"a measure of how certain foods convert to sugar in the bodyâ€"to test this process and found eating a high-GI meal elicited greater  brain  activity in regions  involved in eating behavior,  reward, and  craving. Sugar Addiction Additional studies on brain activity have provided evidence supporting the idea that overeating alters our brain’s reward system, which then further drives overeating. This same process is thought to underlie the tolerance associated with addiction. Is Sugar Really, Truly Addictive? Over time, greater amounts of the substance are required to reach the same level of reward. Studies imply that overeating results in a diminished reward response and a progressively worsening addiction to low-nutrient foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat. A study published  PLoS One found that sweet foods can be more addictive than cocaine. Though the research was performed on animals, investigators found that intense  sweetness  can surpass  cocaine  reward, even in drug-sensitized and -addicted individuals.   Memory Throughout the body, excess sugar is harmful. Even a single instance of elevated glucose in the bloodstream can be harmful to the brain, resulting in slowed cognitive function and deficits in memory and attention. Some research suggests high sugar consumption causes inflammation in the brain, leading to memory difficulties. A 2016 study published in Behavioral Brain Research found inflammatory markers were present in the hippocampus of rats fed a high sugar diet, but not in those fed a standard diet. The good news, however, is this inflammatory damage from sugar may not be permanent. A 2017 study in the journal  Appetite found that the memory damage caused by sugar consumption can be reversed by following a low-sugar, low-GI diet. In addition, research published in the journal Nutrients in 2015 found reducing sugar consumption and supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin improves working memory. Mood Sugar also affects mood. In healthy young people, the ability to process emotion is compromised with elevated blood glucose, according to a brain imaging study. Another study published in Diabetes Care found that people with type 2 diabetes reported increased feelings of sadness and anxiety during acute hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar). One of the largest studies to link sugar with depressionâ€"an analysis of dietary consumption and mood of 23,245 individuals enrolled in the Whitehall II studyâ€"found higher rates of sugar consumption was associated with a greater incidence of depression. The study, published in 2017 in the journal  Scientific Reports, found those with the highest level of sugar consumption were a 23 percent more likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder than those with the lowest sugar intakes. Mental Capacity Elevated blood glucose harms blood vessels. Blood vessel damage is the major cause of the vascular complications of diabetes, leading to other problems, such as damage to blood vessels in the brain and eyes causing retinopathy. Studies of long-term diabetics show progressive brain damage leading to deficits in learning, memory, motor speed, and other cognitive functions. Frequent exposure to high glucose levels diminishes mental capacity, as higher HbA1c levels have been associated with a greater degree of brain shrinkage. Even in those without diabetes, higher sugar consumption is associated with lower scores on tests of cognitive function. These effects are thought to be due to a combination of hyperglycemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and elevated cholesterol. Additional research shows that a diet high in added sugar reduces the production brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a brain chemical essential for new memory formation and learning. Lower levels of BDNF are also linked to dementia and Alzheimers disease, according to a study published in the journal Diabetologia. A Word From Verywell As the research shows, any sugar added in our food is dangerous. We can avoid these dangers by satisfying our sweet tooth with fresh fruit in place of refined sugars. Eating fresh fruit provides the satisfying sweetness of sugar-laden treats with the added bonus of the fruit’s fiber, antioxidants, and phytochemicals that curtail the surge of sugar in the bloodstream and block its negative effects.

Challenges for Alzheimers Disease Therapy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 314 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Topics: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? A Challenging Road: Alzheimers disease gets worse within a 20-year span, but most people survive between four to eight years. At certain times, it can become a challenging road not only for the Alzheimers patient but for those who love them. How Alzheimers Causes Death? The final stages of Alzheimers cause a person to become helpless to do their daily activities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Challenges for Alzheimers Disease Therapy" essay for you Create order It causes problems within the bowel and bladder of the patient, causing a decline in their appetite, leading them to lose their capability to swallow, which further causes a lack of food intake which is likely to lead to the need of aspiration. Within these conditions of health, Alzheimers is causing problems making the disease symptoms become worse forcing them to become accustom to illnesses. A weakening in the immune system is caused by Alzheimers which effects the body by making it helpless against other sickness or disease that lead to death. Treatment of Alzheimers Many medications have known been acknowledged by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use for Alzheimers patient which will help in reducing the effect of the symptoms and remove it for a period of time, like memory loss. Treatment for Mild to Moderate Alzheimers Medications called cholinesterase inhibitors has been prescribed for mild to moderate Alzheimers disease. These medications may help decrease some symptoms and help regulate some behavioral symptoms. The medications are Razadyne (galantamine), Exelon (rivastigmine), and Aricept? ® (donepezil). Treatment for Moderate to Severe Alzheimers A medication known as Namenda (memantine), an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, is prescribed to treat moderate to severe Alzheimers disease, which used to decline the effect of symptoms, later enabling patients to sustain specific day-to-day tasks for a longer period of time without prescribed further medicine. Namenda is assumed to operate by regula ting glutamate, an important brain chemical. If formed in large chunks, it can kill patients brain cells.

The High Rate Of Illicit Drug Use Among Youth - 2282 Words

Introduction Purpose and Objectives â€Å"Since 1992, the high rate of illicit drug use among youth has been steadily increasing† (Juvenile Justice, 1997). This has become a trend that needs to be put to a stop. There are too many youth that are involved in criminal activity and that are labeled actual juvenile delinquents in the criminal justice system. Researchers can’t help to believe that alcohol and substance abuse has something to do with the emerging problem. â€Å"Drug and alcohol use also increases the likelihood that a youthful offender will have prolonged interaction with the juvenile justice system† (Reclaiming Futures, 2012); this is a fact. Many juveniles who participate in substance abuse usually affect their loved ones and friends.†¦show more content†¦Research Questions and Hypothesis The major independent variable in this study is the use of illicit drugs and alcohol abuse and the dependent variable is juvenile delinquency. While the independent variable is alcohol and substance abuse, the dependent variable is the delinquent behavior that may occur possibly because of the alcohol and substance abuse. The purpose of this study is to examine the trend of substance abuse of juveniles and delinquent behavior; also, to see if substance abuse has a major effect on juvenile delinquency.The real question here is if substance abuse and teen crime are directly related. What have different researchers done to prove this? Is there any correlation at all between the two? Is there a specific age, race, ethnicity or gender that contributesto this problem? Is there any real substantial evidence that correlates both together? It is imperative to find out if there is a link between the two because the youth needs to be saved. If there is any evidence that there is a link between the two, then there needs to be a stop put to the use of substance abuse and crime in teenagers. Arrests and interventions can be very well definite consequences of substance abuse. School and family problems

“The Kiss” by Anton Chekhov Free Essays

â€Å"The Kiss† by Anton Chekhov After reading Anton Chekhov’s â€Å"The Kiss†, it is apparent that several elements of fiction were incorporated into his story. The story included interesting characters, a descriptive setting that effectively reflects the mood of what is going on, sufficient amount of irony. And a well developed plot and structure. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Kiss† by Anton Chekhov or any similar topic only for you Order Now Out of all of these components that help to build a successful fictional story, the element that was most effective was the element of plot. The plot of â€Å"The Kiss† is an excellent arrangement of events that fulfills every aspect that is expected to be incorporated into a fictional plot. It includes interesting twists, admirable characters, and most importantly, a subject that almost everyone can easily relate to. â€Å"The Kiss†, is about a man named Ryabovitch that is completely unsatisfied with his life until one night, he takes part in an â€Å"adventure (288). † In an unexpected series of events, Ryabovitch, who has never experienced female interaction, finds himself mistaken by a mysterious woman for her lover. As a result of the mix-up, Ryabovitch experiences his first kiss. The kiss puts a new spin on his life and Rybovitch becomes more bold and confident than ever. Even though most would view the incident as a simple misunderstanding, Ryabovitch takes it for more than that. He becomes convinced that he is in love with someone that he does not even know. At the end of the story however, Ryabovitch realizes that the situation was simply exaggerated and he goes back to his normal life. This first reason that the plot stands out so much is that it is relatable. In â€Å"The Kiss† Ryabovitch exaggerates the meaning of the kiss beyond recognition. In the story Ryabovitch is â€Å"†¦surprised dreadfully by the time it took him to tell his story (294). He overreacted so much that he did not even recognize how simple and insignificant that his incident was. Everyone has been guilty of this as one time or another. â€Å"The Kiss†, was written based on and overreaction and everyone is able to relate to what Ryabovitch is going through. Another reason that the plot stands out is that Chekhov writes in a way that makes the reader want to read on. He makes the reader care about what happens to Rybovitch by vividly describing everything that he goes through. Chekhov forces the reader to want to read on by making them feel sympathetic for Ryabovitch. The plot is set up to keep the reader interested and it stands out because of it. Without this incorporation of getting readers into what is going on with Ryabovitch, the effectiveness of the element of plot would be severely weakened. After reading â€Å"The Kiss†, it is obvious that Chekhov incorporated the element of plot into his story effectively. By writing about a subject that can be easily related to, the overall value of the plot drastically increased. Chekhov did a great job of getting into the readers mind; he made them want to read attentively and continue the story by using the element of plot. How to cite â€Å"The Kiss† by Anton Chekhov, Papers

Sample final exam b Essay Example

Sample final exam b Essay For credit, you must show work on written questions. For example you must show calculations and not just the answer. Keep your eyes on your own exam. Academic honesty is expected. Relax and Good Luck! Formulas: Federal Funds Rate Target = Inflation Rate + Equilibrium Real Fed Fund Rate 1/2(inflation gap) + 1/2(output gap) Page 1 of 9 Multiple Choice Questions (60 points total, 2 points per question) 1) The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 A) established higher reserve requirements for nonmember than for member banks. B) established higher reserve requirements for member than for nonmember banks. C) abolished reserve requirements. D) established uniform reserve requirements for all banks. 2) The case for Federal Reserve independence does not include the idea tm A) political pressure would impart an inflationary bias to monetary policy. Politically insulated Fed would be more concerned with long-run objectives and thus be a defender of a sound dollar and a stable price level. C) policy is always performed better by an elite group such as the Fed. D) a Federal Reserve under the control of Congress or the president might mall « the so-called political business cycle more pronounced. Members Of Congress are able to influence monetary policy, albeit indirectly, through their ability to A) withhold appropriations from the Boar of Governors. B) with hold appropriations from the Federal Open Market Committee. C) propose legislation that would force the Fed to submit budget requests to Congress, as must other government agencies. D) instruct the General Accounting Office to audit th e foreign exchange market functions of the Federal Reserve. 4) Excess reserves are equal to A) total reserves minus discount loans. B) vault cash plus deposits with Federal Reserve banks minus required reserves. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample final exam b specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sample final exam b specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sample final exam b specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer C) vault cash minus required reserves. D) deposits with the Fed minus vault cash plus required reserves. 5) Spoof that from a new checkable deposit, First National Bank holds eight million dollars on deposit with the Federal Reserve, one million dollars in required reserves, and faces a required reserve ratio of ten percent. Given this information, we can say First National Bank has vault cash. A) two B) eight C) nine D) ten million dollars in 6) When an individual sells a $100 bond to the Fed, she may either deposit the check she receives or cash it for currency. In both cases A) reserves increase. B) high-powered money Increases. C) reserves decrease. D) high-powered money decreases. Page 2 of 9 in market interest rates relative to the discount rate will cause discount borrowing to A) fall; increase B) rise; decrease C) rise; increase D) fall; remain unchanged 8) If the Fed injects reserves into the banking system and they are held as excess reserves, then the money supply A) increases by only the initial increase in reserves. B) increases by only one-half the initial increase in reserves. C) increases by a multiple of the initial increase in reserves. D) does not change. 9) If the required reserve ratio is one-third, currency in circulation is $300 lion, checkable deposits are $900 billion, and there is no excess reserve, then the monetary base is A) $300 billion. B) 5600 billion. C) $333 billion. D) $667 billion. 10) During the 2007-2009 financial crisis the currency ratio A) increased sharply. B) decreased sharply. C) increased slightly. D) decreased slightly. 1 1) Which of the following is NOT an argument for the Federal Reserve paying interest on excess reserve holdings? A) Paying interest reduces the effective tax on deposits. B) Paying interest will help in the implementation of monetary policy. C) Paying interest will help the Federal Reserve have more control of the amount f discount loans. D) Paying interest increases the capacity of the Feuds balance sheet which will make it easier to address financial crises. 12) In the market for reserves, when the federal funds interest rate is below the discount rate, the supply curve of reserves is A) vertical. B) horizontal. C) positively sloped. D) negatively sloped. 3) The interest rate charged on overnight loans of reserves between banks is the A) prime rate. B) discount rate. C) federal funds rate. D) Treasury bill rate. Page 3 of 9 14) If float is predicted to decrease because of unseasonably good weather, he manager of the trading desk at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York will likely conduct a A) defensive; sale open market B) defensive; purchase C) dynamic; sale D) dynamic; purchase 1 5) The dis count rate is kept of securities. The federal funds rate because the F-De prefers that A) below; banks borrow reserves from each other. B) below; banks borrow reserves from the Fed. C) above; banks borrow reserves from each other. D) above; banks borrow reserves from the Fed. 1 6) From before the financial crisis began in September Of 2007 to when the crisis was over at the end of 2009, the huge expansion in the Feuds balance whet and the monetary base did not result in a large increase in monetary supply because A) most of it just flowed into holdings of excess reserve. B) the Fed also increased the required reserve ratio C) the Fed also conducted open market sales. D) the discount loan decreased. 7) If the unemployment rate is higher than the natural rate of unemployment, based on the Phillips curve, A) inflation will be higher. B) inflation will be lower. C) inflation expectations will be higher. D) inflation expectations will be lower. 18) One of the problems with higher inflation is A) higher economic growth. B) difficulty predicting relative price movements. C) larger decreases in inflation expectations. D) sma ller movements in equilibrium real interest rates. 19) Which set of goals can, at times, conflict in the short run? A) High employment and economic growth. ) Interest rate stability and financial market stability. C) High employment and price level stability. D) Exchange rate stability and financial market stability. 20) The decision by inflation targets to choose inflation targets reflects the concern Of monetary policymakers that particularly gem inflation can have substantial negative effects on real economic activity. A) below; high B) below; low C) above; high D) above; low Page 4 of 9 21) The problems of raising the level of the inflation target include A) if the zero-lower-bound problem is rare, then the benefits of a higher inflation target are not very large. B) the costs of higher inflation in terms of the distortions it produces in the economy are high. C) it is more difficult to stabilize the inflation rate at a higher targeting level. D) all of the above. 22) Which of the following is a potential operating instrument for the central bank? A) The monetary base B) The MI money supply C) Nominal GAP D) The discount rate 3) According to the Taylor principle, when the inflation rate rises, the nominal interest rate should be Increase. A) increased; more B) increased; less C) decreased; more D) decreased; less by than the inflation rate 24) The monetary transmission mechanism that links monetary policy to GO through real interest rates and investment spending is called the A) traditional interest-rate channel. B) Dobbins q theory. C) wealth effects. D) cash flow channel. 25) If monetary policy can influence prices and conditions in markets, then it can affect spending through channels other than the traditional interest-rate channel. A) asset; labor B) asset; credit C) commodity; labor D) commodity; credit 26) During the Great Depression, Dobbins q A) rose dramatically, as did real interest rates. B) fell to unprecedented low levels. C) stayed fairly constant, in contrast to most other economic measures. D) rose only slightly, in spite of Hovers attempts to prop it up. Page 5 of 9 27) Because of the presence of asymmetric information problems in credit markets, an expansionary monetary policy causes a which the adverse selection problem, thereby in net worth, increased lending to finance investment spending. A) decline; increases; encouraging B) rise; increases; discouraging C) rise; reduces; encouraging D) decline; reduces; discouraging 28) An expansionary monetary policy raises firms cash flows by interest rates. A) lowering real B) lowering nominal C) raising real D) raising nominal 29) The Federal Reserve has been preemptive because of the changing view that monetary policy has to be A) more; forward B) more; backward C) less; forward D) less; backward looking. 0) Large fluctuations in money supply growth and smaller fluctuations in the federal funds rate between October 1 982 and the early sass indicate that the Fed had shifted to 8) embowered reserves C) excess reserves D) required reserves Page 6 of 9 as an operating target. A) borrowed reserves Written Questions (60 points total, 20 points per question) Written Queerest #1 (20 points total) Suppose the following T-accounts represent The Central Bank and The Regular Bank (billions of dollars). The central Bank T-Account Assets Liabilities Government $BIBB Currency $BIBB Securities in Circulation Reserves $BIBB The Regular Bank T-Account $1 BOB Checking $BIBB Deposits Government Loans Equity Capital $BIBB a) Suppose the reserve requirement is 10%, calculate the money multiplier. B) Suppose The Regular Bank decided to no longer hold excess reserves. Draw new Discounts showing one possible initial change from this. Calculate the money multi pliers. C) If The Central Bank decides to rent a helicopter and drop $508 in newly printed money on the population, what would happen to the money supply ultimately based on part a)? What would happen based on part b)? Page 7 of 9 Written Question #2 (20 points total) F-or each part, Start by supposing the Federal Reserve current has a discount rate of 6% and the equilibrium federal funds rate is 5%, and the Fed pays 5% on excess reserves. Also, assume that there are currently SOB borrowed reserves. Sing a supply and demand diagram show the effects of an open market purchase and briefly explain the effect on the federal funds rate, non- borrowed reserves, and borrowed reserves (up/down/stay the same).